论中国内地、香港与澳门跨境数据流动的法律冲突与协调

Legal Conflicts and Coordination of Cross-Border Data Flows Among the Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macao

中文关键词:  粤港澳大湾区  数据跨境流动  三地法律冲突  数字经济  规则协同

英文关键词:Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area  cross-border data flow  legal conflicts among three regions  digital economy  rule alignment

中文摘要:

      在中国内地、香港与澳门之间的跨境数据流动中,法律冲突已成为制约其发展的重要瓶颈。三地跨境数据流动的法律冲突,具体体现为数据分类分级标准、安全评估机制、管辖权连接点与司法互认四个方面的法律冲突,其成因在于数据治理理念的价值分野和数据确权规则的差异。为解决这些法律冲突,三地可凝聚安全可控、权利保障和流通高效的价值共识,构建分层分类的实体规则协调框架,深化个人信息保护规则的协同,并审慎探索重要数据的有限协调。同时三地可建立涵盖统一备案、风险联防及司法互认的程序协同机制,以软法引导、试点先行与多元共治的方式推进实施,筑牢安全底线,促进数据要素在三地之间安全有序流动,为区域数字一体化发展提供法治支撑。

英文摘要:

      In cross-border data flows among the Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macao, legal conflicts have become a key bottleneck restricting their development. Such conflicts are mainly reflected in four dimensions:data classification and grading standards, security evaluation mechanisms, jurisdictional connection points, and judicial mutual recognition, and stem from divergences in concepts of data governance and discrepancies in data rights confirmation rules. To resolve these conflicts, the three regions should first reach a value consensus on safety controllability, right protection, and efficient circulation, establish a layered and categorized coordination framework for substantive rules, strengthen alignment of personal information protection rules, and prudently explore limited coordination concerning important data. Meanwhile, the three regions may set up procedural coordination mechanisms covering unified filing, joint risk prevention, and judicial mutual recognition. Implementation can be advanced through soft law guidance, pilot initiatives, and multi-stakeholder governance to establish a firm foundation for security, facilitate the safe and orderly flow of data factors across the three regions, and provide legal guarantees for the integrated development of the regional digital economy. 