人工智能应用与企业内部收入差距——基于能力的视角

Artificial Intelligence Applications and Intra-Firm Income Inequality —A Capability-Based Perspective

中文关键词:  人工智能应用广度  人工智能应用深度  企业内部收入差距  技能收入差距  操作能力  交互能力  独特能力

英文关键词:breadth of AI applications  depth of AI applications  intra-firm income inequality  skill-based income gap  operational capability  interactive capability  distinctive capability

中文摘要:

      人工智能的广泛应用将深刻影响企业内部收入分配格局。利用2021年中国企业人工智能应用现状调查数据和2007—2022年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,实证检验了人工智能应用广度和深度对企业内部收入差距的影响和作用机理。研究发现:(1)人工智能应用对高技能劳动力工资收入的提升作用更加明显,因此会拉大企业内部不同技能劳动力之间的收入差距；(2)企业内部的技能收入差距主要源于个体技能与企业特征差异无法解释的部分；(3)人工智能应用广度和深度通过提高不同技能员工的操作能力、交互能力和独特能力,扩大了企业内部收入差距；(4)在小型企业中,人工智能应用广度能够促进低技能劳动力增收并缩小内部收入差距,但其应用深度会扩大收入差距,而在大型企业中,人工智能应用广度和深度均会加剧高、低技能劳动力间的收入差距。因此,企业在加速智能化转型的同时,应鼓励员工创新与自主学习,并建立差异化的薪酬制度以应对收入差距扩大冲击。

英文摘要:

      The widespread applications of artificial intelligence (AI) will significantly reshape intra-firm income distribution. Based on data from the survey on AI applications in Chinese firms in 2021 and A-share listed companies from the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, this study empirically examines the impact of both the breadth and depth of AI applications on intra-firm income inequality and its underlying mechanisms. The findings are as follows. (1) AI applications exert a more pronounced effect on elevating the wages of high-skilled workers, thereby amplifying income inequality between workers of differing skill levels within firms. (2) The skill-based income inequality within firms is largely attributable to factors that cannot be explained by the differences between individual skills and firm characteristics. (3) Both the breadth and depth of AI applications contribute to the expansion of intra-firm income inequality by enhancing operational, interactive, and distinctive capabilities of employees with different skills. (4) In small firms, the breadth of AI applications can promote the income growth of low-skilled workers and alleviate internal income inequality, whereas the depth of AI applications tends to intensify the skills gap. In large firms, the breadth and depth of AI applications will exacerbate income inequality between high-and low-skilled workers. Therefore, firms should expedite intelligent transformation, encourage employee innovation and self-directed learning, and establish rational compensation systems to facilitate firm growth. 