非位似偏好、异质性消费者与国际贸易:一个文献综述

Non-Homothetic Preferences, Heterogeneous Consumers, and International Trade:A Literature Review

中文关键词:  非位似偏好  异质性消费者  需求相似理论  人均收入  收入差距  国际贸易

英文关键词:non-homothetic preferences  heterogeneous consumers  theory of preference similarity  per capita income  income disparity  international trade

中文摘要:

      深入研究需求侧视角的相关经济理论对于中国构建以居民消费为主体的内需格局,塑造参与国际循环的新优势具有重要的现实意义。长期以来,受制于位似偏好和代表性消费者假设,主流国际贸易理论主要从国家间技术差异、要素禀赋和企业异质性等供给侧视角来解释贸易基础、贸易模式和贸易利益。需求侧层面的相关国际贸易理论与经验研究,将位似偏好替换为更符合现实消费行为的非位似偏好,考察了需求侧的人均收入和人均收入差距对国际贸易的影响；并将代表性消费者替换为异质性消费者,研究了消费者在收入和偏好等方面的异质性对企业行为、贸易流量和贸易利益分配的影响；进一步地,基于特殊形式的非位似偏好下加总异质性消费者需求问题,分析了收入差距和收入差距相似性对贸易流量、贸易模式及出口动态等方面的影响。未来,需要进一步拓展非位似偏好和异质性消费者框架下的贸易理论模型,探索需求侧对微观企业行为的影响,并完善和补充针对中国的经验研究。

英文摘要:

      In-depth studies on demand-side economic theories hold significant practical significance for China in constructing a domestic demand pattern centered on household consumption and fostering new competitive advantages in international circulation. For a long time,limited by the assumptions of homothetic preferences and representative consumers, mainstream international trade theories have primarily explained the foundations, patterns, and benefits of trade from supply-side perspectives, such as technological differences between countries, factor endowments, and firm heterogeneity. Relevant international trade theories and empirical studies on the demand side have substituted homothetic preferences with non-homothetic preferences, which better align with real consumption behavior, to investigate how per capita income and income disparity on the demand side influence international trade. Furthermore, these studies have replaced representative consumers with heterogeneous consumers to analyze how consumer heterogeneity in income and preferences affects firm behavior, trade flows, and the distribution of trade benefits. By aggregating heterogeneous consumer demands under a specific form of non-homothetic preferences, these studies examine how income disparity and similarity in income disparity influence trade flows, trade patterns, and export dynamics.In the future, research should focus on further developing trade theory models within the framework of non-homothetic preferences and heterogeneous consumers, investigate the influence of demand-side factors on micro-enterprise behavior, and improve and complement empirical studies on China.