技术创新、数字化投入与中国制造业国际竞争力

Technological Innovation, Digital Investment, and International Competitiveness of China's Manufacturing Industry

中文关键词:  数字经济  数字化投入  技术创新  自主创新  模仿创新  国际竞争力

英文关键词:digital economy  digital investment  technological innovation  independent innovation  imitation innovation  international competitiveness

中文摘要:

      数字经济背景下,选择适宜的创新模式,与数字化转型有效协同,是发展中经济体参与国际分工并获得竞争优势的关键。基于2005—2018年中国16类制造业投入产出、进出口贸易等数据,实证检验了技术创新对中国制造业国际竞争力的影响以及数字化投入的调节作用。研究发现,自主创新对中国制造业国际竞争力产生了显著的正向影响,而模仿创新对中国制造业国际竞争力产生了显著的负向影响。数字化投入显著抑制了自主创新对中国制造业国际竞争力的积极影响,即在自主创新领域表现出“数字化创新悖论”；同时,数字化投入也抑制了模仿创新对中国制造业国际竞争力的消极影响,但作用并不显著。进一步分析发现,计算机、电子和光学设备数字化投入以及电信数字化投入的调节效应与全样本的回归结果基本一致,IT和其他信息服务数字化投入反而会强化模仿创新的消极影响。因此,数字经济时代,在不断提高制造业自主创新能力的同时,要格外注重增强数字经济与技术创新的契合度,快速提升中国制造业国际竞争力,实现行业高质量发展。

英文摘要:

      Digital economy is the main economic form following agricultural economy and industrial economy. It breaks the original industrial and agricultural Dual-sector model structure and will have a profound impact on the reconstruction of manufacturing competitive advantage. Based on data on input-output and import and export trade of 16 types of manufacturing industries in China from 2005 to 2018, this paper explores the impact of different technological innovations on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, and tests the moderating effect of digital investment on the relationship between the two. Research has found that independent innovation has a significant positive impact on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, while imitation innovation has a significant negative impact on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. Further dividing the manufacturing industry into low tech manufacturing and medium to high tech manufacturing, this study explores the industry differences in the impact of technological innovation on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. On this basis, the introduction of digital investment moderating variables reveals that digital investment suppresses the positive impact of independent innovation on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, exhibiting a “digital innovation paradox” in the short term; digital investment has suppressed the negative impact of imitation innovation on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, but its inhibitory effect is not significant. Further testing by refining the elements of digital investment reveals that digital investment in telecommunications suppresses the positive impact of independent innovation on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, while weakening the negative impact of imitation innovation on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. The adjustment effect of digital investment in computer, electronic, and optical equipment is basically consistent with that of digital investment in telecommunications. Unlike the two, digital investment in IT and other information services promotes the relationship between independent innovation and enhancing the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. Although it is not significant, it strengthens the negative impact of imitation innovation on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. In the era of digital economy, attention should be paid to the mutual empowerment of technological innovation and digitization, and efforts should be made to promote digital industrialization and industry digitization, in order to enhance the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. 