贸易开放与劳动力技能升级——基于全国流动人口动态监测调查数据的实证检验

Trade Openness and Upgrading of Labor Skills:An Empirical Analysis Based on Data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey

中文关键词:  贸易开放  技能升级  劳动力市场  城市规模  产业集聚

英文关键词:trade openness  upgrading of skills  labor market  city size  industrial agglomeration

中文摘要:

      通过更高水平的城市贸易开放实现区域劳动力市场升级和技能提升对中国经济高质量发展具有重要的支撑作用。在开放经济框架下,从理论上阐释了贸易开放影响劳动力技能升级的内在机制,并采用2018年全国流动人口动态监测调查微观样本和186个城市的匹配数据,对贸易开放如何影响劳动力技能升级进行了实证检验。研究发现:(1)城市贸易开放能够显著促进地区劳动力技能升级,具体表现为贸易开放每提高1个百分点,城市劳动力市场中高技能劳动力占比增加约0.02个百分点；(2)产业集聚是城市贸易开放促进地区劳动力技能升级的重要渠道；(3)贸易开放对劳动力的技能升级效应具有地区异质性和城市规模异质性,中部地区城市贸易开放对劳动力技能升级的影响最明显,500万及以上人口大城市贸易开放对劳动力技能升级的促进作用最大。因此,结合产业集聚特征、地区差异和城市规模,实施针对性和适宜性的政策措施,推动“优进优出”的高质量贸易开放,对优化地区劳动力市场结构、提升高技能劳动力和人才的比例具有重要意义。

英文摘要:

      A higher level of urban trade openness can materialize the upgrading of regional labor market and skills, which significantly underpins China's high-quality economic development. Under the framework of an open economy, this paper theoretically explains the internal mechanism of trade openness influencing the upgrading of labor skills. Moreover, based on the micro sample of the 2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey and the matching data of 186 cities, it empirically tests how trade openness affects the upgrading of regional labor skills. Research results are as follows. (1) Urban trade openness has a significant effect on the upgrading of regional labor skills, and the share of high-skilled labor in the urban labor market increases by about 0.02% for every 1% increase in trade openness. (2) Industrial agglomeration serves as an important channel for urban trade openness to promote the upgrading of regional labor skills. (3) The effect of trade openness on the upgrading of labor skills boasts urban scale and regional differences. It should be noted that such a promotion effect proves to be the most significant in China's central region and the cities with a population of 5 million or more. Therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate and targeted policies and measures and to promote the high-quality import and export in terms of trade openness in combination with industrial agglomeration characteristics, regional differences, and city size. This is of great significance for optimizing regional labor market structure and increasing the proportion of highly skilled labor and talents. 