支出弹性、消费升级与消费不平等

Expenditure Elasticity, Consumption Upgrading and Consumption Inequality

中文关键词:  支出弹性  消费升级  消费不平等  持久性收入  暂时性收入

英文关键词:expenditure elasticity  consumption upgrading  consumption inequality  permanent income  transitory income

中文摘要:

      探究消费升级与消费不平等问题对于促进共同富裕具有重要意义。基于CHIP 2013年和CHIP 2018年数据,结合近乎理想需求系统(AIDS)模型等实证考察了我国居民消费升级与消费不平等状况。研究发现,样本期间中等收入及以下群体的消费处于升级状态；消费不平等呈现下降趋势,且主要源于高弹性商品消费不平等的下降。G·Fields分解结果表明,持久性收入差距是影响消费不平等的最主要因素,且对高弹性商品支出不平等和城镇地区消费不平等的贡献更大,暂时性收入差距对消费不平等的贡献度也相对较高；城乡差距、教育差距和家庭规模差异对于消费不平等同样具有较大的解释力度。因此,缩小城乡发展差距、教育差距和提高居民收入水平对降低消费不平等具有重要作用。

英文摘要:

      Exploring issues of consumption upgrading and consumption inequality is of great significance to promote common prosperity. Based on the data of China Household Income Project (CHIP) in 2013 and 2018, this paper uses the almost-ideal demand system (AIDS) model to empirically examine consumption upgrading and consumption inequality of Chinese residents. Research results show that during the sample period, the consumption of groups with middle income and below was upgraded; and consumption inequality showed a downward trend, which was mainly caused by the decline in consumption inequality of high elastic goods. The G·Fields decomposition results show that permanent income gap is the most important factor for consumption inequality, and contributes more to high elastic commodity expenditure inequality and consumption inequality in urban areas. Moreover, transitory income gap has relatively large contributions to consumption inequality; and the urban-rural gap, education gap and family size also contribute a lot to consumption inequality. Therefore, in order to reduce consumption inequality, it is necessary to narrow the urban-rural development gap and the educational gap and to raise the income level of residents. 