论收入分配公平和效率的统一

On the Unity of Fairness and Efficiency of Income Distribution

中文关键词:  收入分配  分配制度  公平  效率  三次分配  政府与市场

英文关键词:income distribution  distribution system  fairness  efficiency  tertiary distribution  government and market

中文摘要:

      党的二十大强调,完善分配制度,规范收入分配秩序,规范财富积累机制。收入分配秩序与社会公平和效率密切关联,学术界对上述关系的认识不断深化,经历了由对立到兼顾再到互促的过程。完善的分配制度,应当在确保效率的同时,促进公平的实现,即实现两者的统一。就结果公平而言,收入分配必须体现责任履行与利益分享的对称性；就过程公平而言,收入分配必须体现竞争的公平性；就机会公平而言,收入分配必须体现机会的平等性,需要特别关注生存权和发展权的平等性。就具体路径而言,收入分配必须保障底线,放开高线；坚持一次分配促效率,一二三次分配兜底线；促使低收入人群升水平,高收入人群强影响；确保实现机会面前人人平等；落实一次分配由市场主导,二次分配由政府主导；坚决管住非法,维护和彰显合法。

英文摘要:

      The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stressed the need to improve the distribution system, and standardize the income distribution and the mechanism of wealth accumulation. Income distribution is closely related to fairness and efficiency, and the academia's understanding of the above relationship has been deepening, which has experienced a process from opposition to balancing and then to mutual promotion. A perfect distribution system should ensure efficiency and promote fairness simultaneously, that is, achieving the unity of fairness and efficiency. In terms of outcome equity, income distribution must reflect the symmetry between responsibility fulfilment and benefit sharing; in terms of process fairness, income distribution must reflect fair competition; and in terms of opportunity equity, income distribution must reflect equal access to opportunities, and special attention should be paid to the equality of subsistence and development rights. The specific path is as follows. (1) Income distribution must ensure the bottom line, and release the high line; (2) we should promote efficiency through primary distribution, and ensure the bottom line through combining primary, secondary and tertiary distributions; (3) it is necessary to raise the income level of people with low income and strengthen the influence of people with high income; (4) the opportunity must be equal for all; (5) the primary and secondary distributions should be dominated by market and the government, respectively; and (6) we must control the illegal distribution and uphold and highlight the legal distribution. 