新时代我国养老保障高质量发展的内容、体系和机制

China's High-Quality Old-Age Security Development in the New Era:Dimension, System and Mechanism

中文关键词:  养老保障  高质量发展  养老内容  保障体系  管理机制

英文关键词:old-age security  high-quality development  old-age security dimension  insurance system  management mechanism

中文摘要:

      面对即将快速进入深度老龄化社会的趋势,我国养老保障制度在已经实现城乡居民养老制度合一和“应保尽保”的基础上,其高质量发展需要进一步解决内容、体系和机制三个层面的基本问题。内容上,通过完善养老保障制度,进一步增强养老保险基金的筹资能力和支付能力；通过加强基层和社区医疗机构配置,强化“以医助养”；通过“师范化”的人才培养,尽快培育一支具有专业素养和爱心、以市场化经营为出路的为老服务队伍,形成“钱、医、人”三位一体。体系上,再造“三层次”,建构“三支柱”,形成以国民养老金为第一支柱、职业养老金为第二支柱和个人养老金为第三支柱的养老保障体系。机制上,重点解决养老全国统筹中基金统与制度统的关系,鼓励延迟退休,改渐进型延迟退休为选择型延迟退休,在养老金给付上进一步强化给付与缴费联动,激励缴费积极性,凸显多缴多得原则。

英文摘要:

      China is entering an aging society, and its urban and rural residential old-age security systems have been well integrated. Benefiting from such old-age pension systems, everyone who is entitled to allowances can receive them. In this context, China calls for high-quality development of its old-age security system, which makes it essential to address the problems of dimension, system and mechanism. In terms of dimension, the fund raising and paying capacities are to be enhanced by improving the old-age security system; grassroots and community-level health care arrangement should become more sound so as to underpin old-age security; and efforts should be stepped up to develop a contingent of service practitioners that are highly specialized, caring and market-driven. As a result, fund, medical support and personnel can all be in place at once. In terms of system, a tiered old-age security system, in which national old-age pension, occupational pension and individual pension serve as the first, the second and the third pillars, respectively, should be in place. In terms of mechanism, emphasis should be placed on tackling the relationship between fund-based and institution-based old-age security. Delayed retirement should be upheld, and progressive delayed retirement should give way to optional delayed retirement. Moreover, benefit pension plan shall be better inter-connected with contribution pension plan.