全球生产网络是否提升了全要素生产率？

Does Global Production Network Improve Total Factor Productivity?

中文关键词:  全球生产网络  全要素生产率  节点中心度  凝聚子群  创新机制

英文关键词:global production network  total factor productivity  node centrality  cohesive subgroup  innovation mechanism

中文摘要:

      全球生产网络是现今经济全球化的重要表现特征,为越来越多的发展中经济体融入全球经济体系、实现技术进步和产业升级提供了机遇。利用2000—2018年世界投入产出表和世界银行数据,在测算各国全球生产网络节点中心度和全要素生产率的基础上,实证研究了全球生产网络对全要素生产率的影响及内在机制。研究结果表明,全球生产网络的节点中心度、资本强度和贸易强度均对全要素生产率具有显著的正向影响,且主要通过提高人力资本水平和资本化率提升全要素生产率。进一步分析发现,相较于高强度节点与低强度节点国家,处于中间层次的国家更能发挥FDI带来的增长效应；相较于轮轴国家,与其他国家连接较少的辐条国家更能发挥贸易带来的增长效应；另外,以轮轴国家为核心的子群,更具FDI增强效应。因此,对于广大发展中经济体而言,一方面应积极参与全球生产分工,提升自身在全球生产网络中的中心度,更好地发挥人力资本和资本配置的效率；另一方面应积极融入以轮轴国家为核心的子群,通过集聚效应发挥FDI的作用,从而实现全要素生产率的持续增长。

英文摘要:

      Global production network, as an important feature of modern economic globalization, presents opportunities to an increasing number of developing economies to integrate themselves into the global economic system and realize technological advance and industrial upgrade. Based on the World Input-Output Tables during the 2000-2018 period and World Bank Open Data, this paper measures countries' node centrality in the global production network and total factor productivity, and then empirically studies the influence of global production network on total factor productivity and its intrinsic mechanism. It is found that node centrality, capital intensity and trade intensity of the global production network all have significantly positive impacts upon total factor productivity, the improvement of which is realized mainly by improving human capital and raising capitalization rate. Further analysis reveals that countries situated in the intermediate-intensity node, compared to those situated in the high-intensity and low-intensity nodes, can give better play to the growth effect of FDI. Compared to those in the hub, countries in the spoke seldom connected with others can give better play to the growth effect of trade. In addition, the subgroup featuring countries in the hub gives better play to the growth effect of FDI. For one thing, developing economies should actively participate in the global division of production and improve their centrality in the network so as to give better play to their human capital and increase their capitalization rate. For another thing, developing economies should seize the initiative to integrate themselves into the subgroup featuring countries in the hub to give better play to FDI through the agglomeration effect so as to maintain the sustainable growth of total factor productivity. 