人力资本结构优化视角下的城乡收入差距——来自省级层面的经验证据

On the Urban-rural Income Gap from the Perspective of Human Capital Structure Optimization:Based on Provincial-level Empirical Evidence

中文关键词:  人力资本结构  高等教育  城市化  产业结构升级  城乡收入差距

英文关键词:human capital structure  higher education  urbanization  industrial structure upgrade  urban-rural income gap

中文摘要:

      新发展阶段实现共同富裕需要不断缩小城乡收入差距。基于1998—2017年省级面板数据实证考察了人力资本结构优化对中国城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现:(1)人力资本结构从初级向高级的优化过程可以有效降低城乡收入差距,并且存在长期效应,同时2003年以后对缩小城乡收入差距的作用更大；(2)高校扩招极大地丰富了高级人力资本,加速了人力资本结构优化,显著地缩小了城乡收入差距；(3)人力资本结构从初级向高级的优化,推动了农村农业部门人口转至城市非农业部门,继而通过促进城市化和产业结构转型升级缩小城乡收入差距。因此,在通往共同富裕之路上,需要着重推动教育层面的供给侧结构性改革,尤其需要优化调整高等教育结构,形成缩小城乡收入差距的长效机制。

英文摘要:

      The realization of common prosperity in the new development stage makes it imperative to narrow the urban-rural income gap. Based on the provincial panel data during the 1998-2017 period, this paper studied the influence of human capital structure optimization on China's urban-rural income gap. We came up with the following findings. (1) The optimization of human capital structure from the elementary to the advanced can effectively reduce urban-rural income gap, which is characterized by long duration and becomes more significant since 2003. (2) Thanks to higher education expansion, high-level human capital has been tremendously multiplied, which has much expedited human capital structure optimization and significantly narrowed urban-rural income gap. (3) The human capital structure optimization has created channels for farmers to work in non-agricultural sectors in urban areas, which is conducive to narrowing urban-rural income gap through urbanization and industrial structure upgrade. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on supply-side structural reform in the educational sphere. In particular, higher education structure should be optimized, which is a long-term solution to urban-rural income gap. 