缩小城乡收入差距哪种社保类型更有效？——基于财政社保与社会保险的比较分析

Which Kind of Social Security Works Better in Narrowing the Rural-urban Income Disparity? —A Comparative Analysis on Fiscal Social Security and Social Insurance

中文关键词:  财政社保  社会保险  劳动力市场化  城乡收入差距  空间溢出  非线性假设

英文关键词:fiscal social security  social insurance  labor marketization  urban-rural income disparity  spatial spillover  nonlinear hypothesis

中文摘要:

      党的十九届五中全会将共同富裕纳入2035年远景目标,社会保障具有较强的针对性和直接性,是缩小城乡收入差距、实现共同富裕的重要手段。基于此,运用2009—2019年全国31个省级行政区划单位的面板数据,基于包含财政社保水平和社会保险水平的数理模型分析了二者对城乡收入差距的影响,通过空间相关性和非线性假设对问题展开研究。研究表明,省际城乡收入差距具有正的空间相关性,财政社保水平可以有效缩小城乡收入差距,并且随着劳动力市场化进程,其政策效果将会逐步凸显。社会保险水平缩小城乡收入差距的作用较弱,主要原因在于养老保险制度难以适配劳动力市场化进程,而医疗保险和其他社会保险水平则相反。基于以上研究,我国应当增加财政社保支出,因地制宜地调整社会保险制度,形成缩小城乡收入差距的合力。

英文摘要:

      The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made “common prosperity” one of the long-term objectives for China in 2035. Social security system is directly relevant to narrowing the rural-urban income disparity and instrumental to realizing the “common prosperity” objective. Using the panel data of 31 provincial administrative units from 2009 to 2019 and based on a mathematical model targeting both fiscal social security level and social insurance security level and with a focus on spatial relevance and non-linear hypotheses, this paper examines the different effects of financial security level and social insurance security level on the urban-rural income disparity. The study finds that the inter-provincial urban-rural income disparity has a positive spatial correlation. The fiscal social security level can effectively narrow the urban-rural income disparity, and this effect will become stronger with advances in labor marketization. The effect of social insurance level on narrowing the urban-rural income gap is relatively weak, largely because the endowment insurance system is difficult to adapt to the process of labor marketization, a far cry from medical insurance and other types of social insurance. To substantially narrow the rural-urban income disparity, this study suggests that China should increase fiscal social security level and adjust the social insurance system according to local variations in order to systematically narrow urban-rural income disparity.