农民的出路:教育促进农民收入代际流动性的机制与政策

The Way Out for Farmers:Mechanism and Policy for Education to Promote the Intergenerational Mobility of Farmers' Income

中文关键词:  农民  教育  收入代际流动性  内外分流机制  融通机制  教育政策  国家现代化

英文关键词:farmer  education  intergenerational mobility of income  internal and external diversion mechanism  accommodation mechanism  education policy  national modernization

中文摘要:

      乡村振兴和国家现代化进程中,农民及其子女借助教育实现内外分流从而提升收入代际流动性是必然趋势。当前我国农村收入代际弹性远小于城镇,农民收入代际流动性明显低于城镇居民,而教育促进农民收入代际流动性的作用十分有限,机制不畅。随着世界科技日新月异和国内现代化强国建设中各种职业对教育程度与科技能力的要求日益提高,我国亟须健全农民职业系统培训及教育,构建以教育促进农民收入代际流动性的内分流机制；举办校企一体化职业教育学院,构建以农民市民化提高收入代际流动性的外分流机制；完善高等教育分流与衔接,构建农民子女以教育提升收入代际流动性的外分流机制；强化高等教育的三产实践,构建以教育增进收入代际流动性的融通机制。为保障新机制运行,我国必须赋予高校举办农民教育的相关权力,将农民教育纳入高校统一招生计划,确保国家财政持续地投资农民教育,以法促进高校与企业联办农民教育,改革高等教育分流与衔接系列弊端,完善教育促进农民收入代际流动性的配套政策。

英文摘要:

      In the process of rural revitalization and national modernization, it is an inevitable trend for farmers and their children to realize internal and external diversion with the help of education so as to improve the intergenerational mobility of income. At present, China's intergenerational income elasticity in rural areas is far less than in cities and towns, and the intergenerational mobility of farmers' income is obviously lower than that in the cities and towns. However, the role of education is very limited in promoting intergenerational mobility of farmers' income and the mechanism is not smoothly going. In the face of rapid changes in science and technology in the world and the increasingly high requirements for education and scientific & technological ability in various occupations in building China into a modern powerful country, it is urgent for China to improve the training and education of farmers' vocational system and build an internal diversion mechanism to promote the intergenerational mobility of farmers' income through education. The vocational education colleges should be set up to integrate schools and enterprises so that the external diversion mechanism can be built for farmers' citizenization to improve the intergenerational mobility of income. The diversion and connection of higher education should be improved to build an external diversion mechanism for farmers' children to improve the intergenerational mobility of income through education. It is supposed to strengthen the practice of tertiary industry in higher education and build an accommodation mechanism for education to improve the intergenerational mobility of farmers' and their children's income. In order to ensure the operation of the new mechanism, China must endow colleges and universities with the relevant power to organize farmers' education, incorporate farmers' education into the unified enrollment plan of colleges and universities, ensure that the national finance continues to invest in farmers' education, promote the colleges and enterprises to run the education jointly for farmers by law, reform the series of disadvantages of diversion and connection in higher education, and improve the supporting policies for education to promote the intergenerational mobility of farmers' income. 