进入规制强度对创业质量的影响研究——基于跨国数据的分析

Research on Influence of Entry Regulation Intensity on Entrepreneurial Quality Based on Analysis of Cross-country Data

中文关键词:  进入规制  创业质量  商事制度改革  创业发生率  创新型创业率  营商环境

英文关键词:entry regulation  entrepreneurship quality  commercial system reform  entrepreneurship incidence rate  innovative entrepreneurship rate  business environment

中文摘要:

      进入规制强度是影响市场创业活动的重要因素。实施有效的进入规制改革有助于优化政府职能,提高营商便利度。以行政审批时间和审批费用作为进入规制强度的代理变量,以创业发生率和创新型创业率作为创业质量的代理变量,采用2009—2018年世界银行和全球创业观察数据库中的相关调查数据,实证分析了进入规制强度对创业质量的影响以及在不同收入水平国家之间的异质性。研究发现,进入规制强度对创业质量具有显著的抑制效应,降低行政审批成本可以显著提高创业发生率,缩短行政审批时间可以显著提高创新型创业率。这种抑制效应在不同收入水平国家之间存在差异。其中,在高收入国家,开办企业的行政审批时间对创业发生率和创新型创业率具有显著的负向影响；在中等收入国家,开办企业的行政审批成本对创业发生率具有显著的负向影响。研究结论表明,政府应进一步放松进入规制,重视进入规制改革的长期性特征,根据不同地区的创业类型设计好具体改革内容,促进创业质量的全面提升。

英文摘要:

      The entry regulation intensity is an important factor to impact the entrepreneurial activities. Scientific entry regulation reform is conducive to optimizing government function and improving the ease of doing business. In this article, administrative approval time and cost are used as proxy variables of entry regulation intensity, and entrepreneurship incidence rate and innovative entrepreneurship rate are used as proxy variables of entrepreneurship quality. This article uses the relevant survey data of the World Bank and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor during the years from 2009 to 2018 to study the impact of entry regulation intensity on entrepreneurial quality and the heterogeneity among countries with different income levels. The study finds that entry regulation intensity has a significantly negative effect on entrepreneurial quality. Reducing the cost of administrative approval can increase significantly the entrepreneurship incidence rate, and shortening time of administrative approval can increase significantly the innovative entrepreneurship rate. These curbing effects vary among countries with different income levels. In the high-income countries, the time of administrative approval for starting a business has a significantly negative impact on both entrepreneurship incidence rate and innovative entrepreneurship rate. But in the middle-income countries, the administrative approval cost has a significantly negative impact on entrepreneurship incidence rate. The research conclusion indicates that the government should relax the entry regulation further, attach great importance to the long-term characteristics of entry regulation reform, design the specific reform contents according to the types of entrepreneurship in different regions, and promote the overall improvement in the quality of entrepreneurship. 