中国收入不平等:发展、转型和政策

Income Inequality in China:Development, Transformation and Policy

中文关键词:  收入不平等  经济发展  经济体制转型  社会保障制度  再分配政策

英文关键词:income inequality  economic development  economic system transformation  social security  redistribution policy

中文摘要:

      描述了中国改革开放以来收入不平等变动的主要趋势,并将其归因于如下四种因素的相互影响:第一,由传统的发展理论所刻画,以结构转型、市场扩展、剩余劳动力吸收和收入差距的库兹涅茨“倒U型”路径等为主要影响的发展因素。第二,经济制度的转型变化因素。在经济体制从计划经济向市场经济的转型过程中经济活动决策过程的微观化,多种所有制经济的出现,以及收入分配机制的变化引起了收入分配格局的改变。第三,经济体制转型不彻底和不完善的因素。这导致了寻租、设租和隐性收入的产生,带来收入差距扩大和收入分配不平等。第四,社会保障制度和再分配政策的逐步完善因素。这在一定程度上起到了缓解收入分配不平等的作用。

英文摘要:

      This paper describes the main trend of China's income inequality since the reform and opening up, and attributes it to the result of the interaction of four factors. First, the development factors described by traditional development theory, such as structural transformation, market expansion, absorption of surplus labor and Kuznets “Inverted U-shaped” path of income gap, etc. Second, the transformation of economic system in the process of economic system transformation from planned economy to market economy, the micro decision-making process of economic activities, the emergence of multi-ownership economy, and the change of income distribution mechanism cause the change of income distribution pattern. Thirdly, incomplete and imperfect factors of economic system transformation lead to rent-seeking, corruption and hidden income, which leads to income gap. The final factor is the gradual improvement of social security system and the role of redistribution policy, which has played a role in alleviating the inequality of income distribution to a certain extent. 