媒体监督的制度要件价值及作用机制研究——基于食品安全事件的案例分析

A Study on Media Supervision:Institution Element Value and Function Mechanism Based on Case Analysis of Food Safety Incidents

中文关键词:  食品安全  媒体监督  制度要件价值  制度设计  捂盖子  案例分析  政府公信力

英文关键词:food safety  media supervision  institution element value  institutional design  concealment  case study  government credibility

中文摘要:

      我国食品安全形势正在好转,但食品安全监管工作仍面临挑战。选取不同媒体监督条件下食品安全治理的代表性案例,分析了媒体监督的制度要件价值。结果表明:媒体监督在食品安全监管体系中可以扮演“守望者”的角色,加强媒体监督可以引导政府通过行政治理来约束企业行为,推动政府根据民众需求完善政策法规。同时,加强媒体监督将会降低上下级政府间的信息不对称,并减少监管者背离公众利益的可能性。若限制媒体发声,会助长企业的投机行为及监管者的地方保护行为,从而对企业、行业及政府造成更大的伤害。合理发挥媒体的监督职能,可及时排解食品安全风险,增加企业及监管者各自的努力程度,从社会总福利的角度来看,利大于弊。若要提高食品安全监管效率,需重视媒体监督的制度要件价值,相关部门可从增大媒体自由度水平的角度进行制度设计。

英文摘要:

      The situation of China's food safety is improving, but food safety supervision is still facing the challenges. We select the representative cases about food safety governance under different media supervision environments to analyze the institution element value of media supervision. The results show that the media supervision can play an important role acting as “watchman” in the supervision system. Enhancing the media supervision will guide the government in the administration management to restrain the behaviors of enterprises, and push the government to modify policies and regulations base on the need of people. Meanwhile, improving the media supervision will decrease the information asymmetry between the higher government and the lower government. Moreover, it will reduce the probability for regulators to betray the interests of the public. If the freedom of media were restricted, it is easy for enterprises to be opportunistic, and the regulators will have greater tendency to protect the local interests, which thereby would result in more hurt to enterprises, industries and government. Properly exerting the supervision function of the media can resolve the food safety risks timely and increase the efforts of enterprises and regulators respectively. From the perspective of total social welfare, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. In order to improve the efficiency of food safety supervision, it is necessary to attach importance to the institution element value for media supervision, and the relevant departments can conduct the institution design from the perspective of increasing the level of media freedom. 