我国老年人养老金收入的性别差距

Gender Gap of Pension Benefits for the Elderly in China

中文关键词:  老年人  养老金收入  养老金制度参与  性别差距  Oaxaca-Blinder分解  Cotton分解

英文关键词:the elderly  pension benefits  pension system participation  gender gap  Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition  Cotton decomposition

中文摘要:

      在人口老龄化和社会保障逐渐完善的背景下,女性从养老保障体系获得的福利相对较少。根据CHARLS2015年数据研究了老年人养老金收入的性别差异问题,对引起性别差距的主要来源进行了分解,对不同性别的养老保障参与和养老金收入差异进行了仔细研究。研究发现,男性老年人的养老金收入大约是女性的1.9倍,养老金收入的性别差异极为显著。根据分解模型的结果发现,养老金制度和退休前工资是引起性别差距的最主要因素,分别贡献了53%和19%,制度差距主要表现在养老金制度参与分布差异和养老金受益程度差异。为了弥补养老金收入的不足,男性老年人会通过劳动参与增加个人劳动收入,而女性老年人更需要依赖子女或其他亲戚朋友的私人转移收入。根据结论,女性老年人的福利状况远差于男性,在社会保障体系中处于弱势地位,应得到政府政策的更多关注。

英文摘要:

      Against the background of an aging population and gradual improvement of social security, women's benefits from the old-age security system are still relatively small. Based on the data of CHARLS2015, this paper studies the gender difference of the elderly pension benefits, decomposes the main source of the gender gap, and carefully studies the different types of pension insurance participation and pension benefits differences. This study finds that the pension benefits of elderly men is about 1.9 times that of women, and the gender difference in pension benefits is extremely significant. According to the results of the decomposition model, it is found that the pension system and pre-retirement wages are the main factors that cause the gender gap, contributing 53% and 19% respectively. The system gap is mainly reflected in the difference in the distribution of the pension system and the difference in the degree of pension benefits. In order to make up for the lack of pension benefits, elderly male will increase their personal labor income through labor participation, and elderly female will need to rely on the private transfer of income from their children or other relatives and friends. According to the conclusion of this paper, the welfare of elderly women is far worse than that of elderly men, and they are in a weak position in the social security system, which deserves more attention from government policies. 