改革进程中的国有与非国有部门工资差异分布演变——基于分位数回归与反事实分位数分解的微观实证

Evolution of Public-Private Sector Wage Differential Distribution in China

中文关键词:  改革进程  部门工资差异  工资差异分布  国有部门分割  分位数回归  分位数分解

英文关键词:evolution of China's economic reform  public-private sector wage differentials  distribution of wage differentials  labor market segmentation  quantile regression model  quantile decomposition

中文摘要:

      中国改革进程中,国有部门与我国体制的先天亲和性,使得其与非国有部门间的工资差异备受关注。以这种差异在不同时期的表现为研究对象,基于分位数回归模型及反事实分位数分解,实证分析了我国不同改革阶段部门工资差异的异质性分布和来源问题。研究发现:改革开放以来,国有部门的平均工资水平经历了从折价到溢价的演变,工资分布经历了从集中到分散的演变,改革早期国有部门工资过分集中的结构问题逐渐消解,各分位点上普遍存在的溢价在2009年后开始缓解并回落。分位分解发现,国有部门通过门槛提升形成的劳动者特征差异,在早期不是主要差异来源,但后期则逐渐占据了主导,表明国有部门通过进入壁垒,部分维持了工资差异。部门工资差异的变化带有很强的改革阶段性和政策相关性,研究为认识和化解部门工资差异问题提供了结构性的详细数据支持和相关启示。

英文摘要:

      In the process of China's economic reform, the congenital affinity between the state-owned sector and China's system make the public-private sector wage differential especially attractive. Based on the quantile regression model and counterfactual quantile decomposition, it empirically analyzes the heterogeneity of distribution and the source of wage differential in different stages of the reform. This study finds that:since the reform and opening up, the average public-private sector wage differential has turned from negative to positive, and the wage distribution has undergone the evolution from centralization to decentralization. The structural problem of excessive wage concentration in the state-owned sector in the early stage has been solved with the reform of the state-owned enterprises, and the longstanding premium prevalent in sub-point of the state-sector has reached the inflection point in 2009 and began to fall down. The wage differential decomposition finds that the laborers' characteristics differential formed by raising the threshold in the state-owned sector was not the main source of wage differential in the early stage, but gradually became the dominated differential in the later stage, indicating that the sector wage differential was maintained by the state-owned sector through entry barriers. The above changes of sector wage differentials have strong policy and institutional relevance. This study provides valuable contributions for understanding and resolving the related problems of sector wage differentials.