基本养老保险缴费不平衡对居民收入不平等的影响

The Imbalance of Pension Contribution in China and Its Impact on Residents' Income Inequality

中文关键词:  养老保险缴费  新农保  城镇职工养老保险  收入差距  泰尔指数分解  不平等分解 

英文关键词:pension contribution  new rural social pension  urban employee pension  income gap  Theil decomposition  inequal decomposition based on regression

中文摘要:

      利用中国收入分配课题组2013年的调查数据(CHIP2013)分析了社会劳动力人口的养老保险缴费特点、收入分配效应及其不平等问题。研究发现:(1)基本养老保险缴费的不平等程度较高,农村不平等程度大于城镇。尽管新农保是社会的主要参保类型,但全国养老保险缴费金额主要由城镇职工养老保险贡献。(2)养老保险缴费过程扩大了城镇内部的收入差距,在农村地区的再分配作用不够明显,但是因为其缩小了城乡之间收入差距因而在全国范围内具有正向收入分配效应。(3)不平等的分解结果显示,解决制度间的差异是降低养老保险缴费不平衡的最有效办法。建立城乡统一的养老保险制度,实行多缴多补的补贴政策,都是降低缴费不平衡、缩小收入不平等的途径。

英文摘要:

      Using the survey data of China Income Distribution Project in 2013 (CHIP2013), this paper studies China's pension payment system, its income distribution effect and imbalance situation among Chinese labor force population. The findings are as follows:(1) The inequality of the residents' pension contributions is relatively high, and the rural imbalance is greater than that of urban areas. Although the new rural social pension insurance is the main type of insurance of the society, the amount of national pension insurance is mainly contributed by the urban employee pension insurance. (2) The pension insurance payment system has widened the income gap within urban areas, but its redistribution effect in rural areas is not obvious. On the whole, it narrows the income gap between urban and rural areas and thus reduces national income inequality. (3) The decomposition results show that the difference between systems is the most effective way to reduce the imbalance of pension contribution. In other words, it is the way to reduce pension payment inequality as well as national income inequality that we establish a unified basic pension insurance system for urban and rural residents across the country and implement a “pay more and get more” subsidy policy. 