中国劳动力技能回报率到底如何测度?——基于省级调查数据的实证研究

How to Assess the Returns of Labor Force Skills in China: An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Survey

中文关键词:  劳动力  技能回报率  测度  能力  教育  人力资本回报

英文关键词:labor force  return rate of skills  assessment  capability  education  return to human capital  human capital return

中文摘要:

      了解我国劳动力素质现状,掌握我国劳动力技能水平是制定教育、经济、社会政策的必要前提。基于河南省成人能力调查数据,通过OLS回归、工具变量法等方法,分析教育和能力形成之间的关系,并对劳动力技能回报率进行测度,发现教育存在折旧效应,劳动者通过接受教育获得的人力资本随着时间推移而贬值；受教育年限对个人计算能力的边际改善效应大于对阅读能力的边际改善效应；河南省劳动力能力显著低于国际平均水平,且无论是总体能力回报率还是用成熟期劳动者子样本估算的长期能力回报率,均低于国外相关文献的结果。建议学校教育应重视提高学生的阅读能力和计算能力；鼓励发展继续教育、在职培训,建立完善的终身教育体制；定期在全国范围内进行成人技能调查评估；加大户籍改革力度,实现男女同工同酬、城乡劳动力合理流动等。

英文摘要:

      Understanding the current situation of the quality of China's labor forces and mastering their skill level is a necessary prerequisite for formulating the national education, economic and social policies. Based on the data from the Survey of Adult Competencies in Henan Province, it analyzes the relationship between education and capability formation through the methods such as OLS regression, instrument variables, etc. Moreover, it assesses the rate of return to labor force skills, and finds that education has a depreciation effect. The human capital acquired by the laborer is devalued over time. One more schooling year brings about significant marginal improvement to laborer's ability or skill. The marginal improvement effect of schooling on individual's ability is larger on one's numeracy skill than on literacy skill. The average level of adult ability of Henan Province is significantly lower than the international average level. The total return to skills, as well as the long-term return to skills, which is measured by sub-sample of mature laborers, is lower than the results of existing literatures abroad. This study recommends that school education should attach great importance to improvement of students' literacy and numeracy skills. Encouragement should be given to develop adult education and on-the-job training to build up a better life-long education system. Nationwide survey of adult competencies should be conducted on a regular basis. More reforms should be made on the household registration (Hukou) system against gender discrimination to realize the equal pay for equal work for male and female, the reasonable movement of urban and rural labor forces, etc. 