家庭结构、等量因子和中国农村收入差距再估算

Family Structure, Equivalent Scales and Re-estimation on China's Rural Income Gap

中文关键词:  家庭结构  等量因子  家庭规模  农村收入差距  恩格尔曲线  农村消费差距

英文关键词:family structure  equivalent scales  family size  rural income gap  Engel curve  rural consumption gap

中文摘要:

      家庭内部存在可供家庭成员共享的公共物品,随着家庭人数的增加,规模更大的家庭可以从中获得规模效应。使用中国家庭收入调查团队2007—2013年的农村调查数据,通过模拟恩格尔曲线,测量得到了不同规模和结构家庭的等量因子。研究结论表明,2007—2013年,家庭结构对消费支出的影响体现为,家庭每增加1个学龄前儿童,支出增加约26.3%；每增加1个学龄儿童,支出增加约31.9%；每增加1个老人,支出增加约33.8%。我国农村居民的消费结构发生了变化,食物支出占比在变小,而居住、教育、娱乐、文化、医疗等方面的支出占比在变大；我国农村居民收入差距处在高位,且有所扩大,而消费差距小于收入差距,且有所缩小。利用等量因子对家庭收入和支出数据进行调整后发现,这一时期我国农村居民的收入差距和消费差距均有所缩小,这是由于家庭内部分享公共物品所产生的规模效应所致。本研究的主要启示是,收入差距过大不利于农村消费结构升级,国家应加快收入分配制度改革,提高农村低收入群体的收入水平,增强农村低收入群体的消费能力,促进农村消费升级。

英文摘要:

      There are public goods available for share within the family. With the increase in the number of families, larger families can obtain scale effects. Using the rural survey data of Chinese family income survey team in 2007 and in 2013, we measured the equivalent scales for families with different sizes and different structures by simulating the Engel curve. The research results show the impact of family structure on consumption expenditure during the years from 2007 to 2013:for every 1 more pre-school kid in a family, the expenditure would be increased by about 26.3%; for every 1 more school-age child, the expenditure would be increased by about 31.9%; for every 1 more elderly person, the expenditure would be increased by about 33.8%. From 2007 to 2013, changes happened in consumption structure of rural residents in China, with food expenditures accounting for smaller percentage but the expenditures in housing, education, entertainment, culture, medical treatment, etc. accounting for larger percentage. The income gap was at a high level among rural residents in China and expanded in the period from 2007 to 2013, but during the same period the consumption gap was smaller than the income gap and it narrowed during the two investigation periods. Using equivalent scales to adjust the family income and expenditure data, it finds the decrease in both income gap and consumption gap of rural residents in China. The main inspiration of this study is that too big income gap is not conducive to the upgrading of rural consumption structure. The nation should accelerate the reform of income distribution system to improve the income level of rural low-income groups and enhance the consumption ability of rural low-income groups to promote the upgrading of rural consumption. 