我国农村居民消费不平等的演变趋势

Evolution of Consumption Inequality in Rural China

中文关键词:  消费不平等  收入不平等  居民消费  耐用消费品消费  基尼系数分解  回归分解

英文关键词:consumption inequality  income inequality  household consumption  durable goods consumption  Gini decomposition  regression decomposition

中文摘要:

      刺激农村家庭消费和缩小消费分布差距,是推动我国经济持续发展的必然要求。利用2002年和2013年中国农村住户调查数据,研究了我国农村家庭消费不平等的现状及演变趋势,并探讨了导致农村地区消费差异扩大的原因。研究结果显示,在这一时期,农村家庭的收入和消费不平等都经历了一个较快的上升期,但农村家庭间消费不平等的程度和增幅要低于收入不平等。分析导致农村居民消费不平等扩大的结构性原因后发现,除食品支出外,其他各类分项消费的增加都会扩大总消费分布的差距。回归分解的结果表明,收入和财产是影响农村地区消费分布差距的重要因素。基于研究结果,提出要正视消费差距扩大的现实,同时制定有效的政策改变农村居民消费分布不平等的现状,如推进以增加农民财产为导向的改革和完善农村地区的社会保障制度等。

英文摘要:

      Stimulating rural household consumption and narrowing consumption gap are inevitable requirement to promote the sustainable development of China's economy. Using the data of China Household Income Project in rural areas in 2002 and in 2013, this paper studies the consumption inequality in rural household in China:current situation, evolving trend and reasons for such expanding consumption inequality. The research findings show that, during the period from 2002 to 2013, both income and consumption inequality experienced a relatively rapid increase, but the magnitude and the increase rate are lower in consumption inequality among rural households than in their income inequality. After the analysis of structural reasons to have caused the widening consumption inequality among rural households, it finds that the increase in any consumption of all specific categories except food expenditure leads to an increase in consumption inequality. The result of regression-based decomposition indicates that income and wealth are important factors that impact on consumption inequality in rural areas. Based on the research results, it suggests that we should face the reality of increasing consumption inequality. At the same time, effective policies should be made to narrow consumption gap among rural households, e.g. promoting the reform to increase the property of rural households, improving the social security system in rural areas, etc. 