我国生猪市场价格调控中的“猪粮比价”:理论内涵与实践反思

“Price Ratio of Hog and Corn” in Price Regulation on China's Hog Market: Theoretical Implication and Practice Reflection

中文关键词:  猪粮比价  阈值  盈亏平衡  生猪市场  价格波动  价格调控

英文关键词:price ratio of hog and corn  threshold  breakeven point  hog market  price fluctuation  price regulation

中文摘要:

      无论从稳定生猪生产和农民增收,还是从保障居民的猪肉消费,生猪市场的重要性都是不言而喻的。2007年以来,我国政府逐步形成了一整套依据“猪粮比价”高低进行价格干预的制度安排。然而,学术界却并没有深究“猪粮比价”这一指标背后的经济逻辑。文章尝试推导出了“猪粮比价”的理论公式,发现“猪粮比价”等于生猪养殖中技术口径的投入产出效率与经济口径的投入产出效率之比值。与此同时,还发现在会计核算和经济核算两种口径下有着不一样的计算结果。通过简要回顾我国政府根据“猪粮比价”对生猪市场进行价格调控的历程,发现价格干预的效果并不尽如人意。对比理论公式和价格干预实践,文章找到了导致以上结果的原因。事实上,美国农业部虽然也公布“猪粮比价”,但却并没有将之用于指导猪肉市场的价格调控。

英文摘要:

      It is self-evident that hog market is very important for stabilizing hog production, increasing farmers' income, and ensuring pork consumption. Since 2007, China has gradually established an institutional arrangement of price intervention based on the price ratio between hog and corn (Hog/Corn Price Ratio). However, most economists have not made a deep study on the economic logic of the Hog/Corn Price Ratio. This paper tries to derive the theoretical formula of Hog/Corn Price Ratio, and finds that it equals to the ratio of technological input-output efficiency and economic input-output efficiency. In the meantime, this paper also discovers the difference between accounting calculation and economic calculation. This paper briefly reviews the process of hog price regulation based on Hog/Corn Price Ratio, and comes to the conclusion that the effect of the policy is unsatisfactory. We reveal several possible reasons causing the unsatisfactory effect by contrasting the theoretical formula to the price intervention practice. In fact, despite the Hog/Corn Price Ratio issued by USDA, it is not be used to guide the price regulation on the hog market. 