金融包容与银行业机构:文献述评与展望

Financial Inclusion and Banking Institutions: Literature Review and Prospect

中文关键词:  金融包容  普惠金融  金融排斥  金融业结构  银行业结构  中小金融机构

英文关键词:financial inclusion  inclusive finance  financial exclusion  financial structure  banking structure  small and medium-sized financial institutions

中文摘要:

      根据中国现阶段的金融业结构,发展普惠金融、促进金融包容性发展必然要以银行业机构为主要实现渠道。文章梳理了金融包容与小额信贷和微型金融、金融包容与银行业机构方面的文献并进行了述评。文献梳理发现:现有大部分研究未对普惠金融与金融包容之间的差异进行区分；小额信贷和微型金融是实现普惠金融的必要方式,但因数据缺乏,目前未能对村镇银行等新型农村金融机构在普惠金融发展中的作用进行充分研究；政策性和商业性金融机构在包容性发展中作用不同,政策性金融有助于狭义金融包容的实现,而广义金融包容的实现则需要商业性金融机构的发展；中小金融机构的发展和银行业市场结构对促进金融包容具有重要作用,而有关的研究却相对缺乏。 

英文摘要:

      According to the current structure of Chinese financial sector, banking institutions turn to be the main method to develop inclusive finance and achieve financial inclusive development. This paper systematically reviews the literature related to the effect of micro-credit and micro-finance on financial inclusion, the impact of banking institutions in developing financial inclusion. We find that the difference between inclusive finance and financial inclusion should be distinguished; Micro-credit and micro-finance are necessities to realize inclusive finance, while the research on rural banks is inadequate due to a lack of data; Policy and commercial financial institutions have a role in financial inclusion, policy finance is helpful to eliminate financial exclusion, while the realization of the generalized financial inclusion requires the development of the commercial financial institutions; Both the development of small and medium-sized financial institutions and banking structure play a significant role in promoting financial inclusion, but there is a lack of related research relatively. 