中国城市劳动力市场性别工资差异研究——来自大学毕业生就业市场的证据

Study on Gender Wage Gap in Urban Labor Market in China ——Evidence from Job Market for College Graduates

中文关键词:  性别工资差异  匹配分解  Oaxaca-Blinder分解  大学毕业生就业市场  劳动力市场  工资歧视

英文关键词:gender wage gap  matching decomposition  Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition  job market for college graduates  labour market  wage discrimination

中文摘要:

      改革开放以来,中国劳动力市场上的性别工资差异越来越大。文章利用2008年全国大学毕业生就业数据,使用Oaxaca-Blinder分解和匹配分解方法,对男女大学毕业生的工资差异进行了分析。结果发现:男女大学毕业生的起薪工资差异达到了10%左右,在控制了一系列影响起薪工资的重要变量之后,这一结论仍然成立。使用了Oaxaca-Bimder分解方法对这一差异进行分解后发现,这一工资差异有至少77％无法用男女性别特征上的差异来解释。当进一步使用改进的匹配分解法,即考虑到了男女大学毕业生在个人特征和就业特征上的分布不可比差异之后,工资差异中不可解释的部分进一步扩大到98%。研究结论提供了一个中国劳动力市场上性别工资差异不可解释部分的低限值。

英文摘要:

      Since the reform and opening up, the gender wage gap has been increasing in the labor market in China. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and Matching decomposition methods, this paper analyzes the gender wage gap with the data of college graduates employed in 2008 in large cities on China's labor market. The results show that male graduates get the starting wage approximately 10% higher than females in average. This conclusion holds true with a series of variables controlled to affect the starting wages. By an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method, 77% of the gap cannot be explained by the differences of gender endowments between male and female graduates. With the use of improved Nopo matching decomposition method, the unexplained part in the gap is further enlarged to 98%. This paper suggests that the result is a floor evidence of the unexplained part of gender wage gap in China's labor market. 