收敛性与异质性:服务业发展趋势

Convergence and Heterogeneity:Trend in Service Industry Development

中文关键词:  服务业  收敛性  异质性  技术进步  劳动生产率  产业结构

英文关键词:service industry  convergence  heterogeneity  technological progress  labor productivity  industrial structure

中文摘要:

      理论和经验分析表明,经济发展过程在三次产业结构上收敛于以服务业为主的结构。服务业发展总体上呈现出从制造业和服务业平行发展的第一阶段向制造业占比下降而服务业占比持续上升的第二阶段过渡的特征。服务业发展的内在动力来自于技术进步和收入需求弹性这两大因素,即技术革命引发各大产业部门内部各个产业劳动生产率增长率出现差异,从而诱致劳动力在各部门间转移和再配置的同时,人均收入水平的提高又进一步引发了更多层次的服务需求。各国制度和政策差异导致的劳动力部门间配置成本的差异会造成相同技术进步下的产业结构的异质性。服务业发展需要鼓励竞争的市场环境,自由进入、退出的劳动力市场和产品市场制度,以及更加开放的服务贸易和投资。

英文摘要:

      Both theoretical and empirical analyses show that the process of economic development in the three industries converges to aservice-oriented structure.The overall development of service industry exhibits a transitional characteristic from a parallel development of manufacturing industry and service industry in the first stage to a decline in the proportion of manufacturing industry and a continued rise in the proportion of service industry in the second stage.The inner dynamics of the development in service sector derives from two main factors:technological progress and income-demand elasticity. The technology revolution causes the differences in the growth rate of labor productivity among major sectors within the industries, which induces labor transfer and reallocation among various sectors. Meanwhile, the increase in per capita income leads to service demand at more levels. The difference in system and policy of various countries results in the difference of allocation cost in labor department, which causes the heterogeneity of industrial structure under the same technological progress. The development of service industry needs a market environment which encourages competition, a free entry and exit system of both labor market and product market, and a more open trade in services and investment.