我国城乡居民人均收入占GDP比重的影响因素分析——基于时间与地区的视角

Analysis on Factors to Impact Proportion of China‘s Urban and Rural Residents‘ per Capita Income in GDP ——Based on Perspective of Time and Region

中文关键词:  劳动报酬份额  资本深化  居民人均收入  GMM估计

英文关键词:labor income share  capital deepening  per capita income of residents  GMM estimate

中文摘要:

      近年来,我国居民收入份额持续降低已成共识,但既有研究未能指出农村和城镇居民收入份额的影响因素差异。文章基于1993—2012年省级面板数据,采用工具变量广义矩法估计对影响城镇居民人均可支配收入、农村人均纯收入占人均GDP比重的因素进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)影响城镇和农村居民人均收入占人均GDP比重的因素存在差异；(2)劳动报酬份额对人均收入占人均GDP比重产生正向影响,资本深化产生负向影响,但影响程度存在城乡差异；(3)地方财政支出、经济增长、城市化水平和金融深化等因素对人均收入占人均GDP比重的影响不确定,影响程度和影响方向因城乡、地区和样本区间而异。为此,决策者应充分考虑城乡和地区差异,以及影响因素作用效果的变化趋势来制定相关政策,以提高居民收入份额,使居民在经济增长中获益。

英文摘要:

      In recent years, it has been universally recognized in China that resident sector‘s share of disposable income has been continuously falling. But we are still short of clear understanding on the resident income share gap between urban and rural areas. Based on panel data models, by using China‘s provincial-level panel data during the years from 1993 to 2012, this paper analyzes the relationship between some influencing factors and per-capita disposable or net income share of urban or rural residents. The results show that labor income share has a significant positive effect on resident sector‘s share of disposable income in both urban and rural areas, and capital deepening has a negative one, but there is a gap of effect intensity between urban and rural areas. In addition, factors from local fiscal expenditure, economic growth, urbanization level and financial development level will also impact the resident income share, but the effect intensity and directions are different in different provinces and time. Decision makers should consider fully the regional and time differences as well as the change trend in the effects of influencing factors to map up the related policy to increase resident sector‘s share of disposable income and promote the economic development. 