公司的本质——兼论国企混合所有制改革

The Nature of Company:A Concurrent Discussion on Mixed Ownership Reform in State-owned Enterprises

中文关键词:  企业  公司  混合所有制

英文关键词:enterprise  company  mixed ownership

中文摘要:

      公司是企业的一种特殊形态,公司不仅具备企业的一般本质,而且也具有自身的特殊本质。公司不同于自然人企业,它采取两权分离的形式,其股权能够标准化并借助资本市场得以高速地流动。两权分离使得公司的经营者专业化、专家化,从而大大提高公司的生产效率。股权在资本市场的高速流动使得资本市场配置资源的效率大大提高,从而提高整个社会的生产效率,其结果就提高了整个社会生产力。公司股权的多元化以及公司股权结构的相互制衡性使得公司的所有权特征被逐渐淡化,公司是一个所有的所有者进行投资的平台,它能够大大提高生产经营效率。正是在这个意义上讲,国有企业必须向公司制企业转换,由于这种向公司制企业的转换,从而形成了混合所有制的公司制企业。

英文摘要:

      Company is a special form of enterprise, which not only has the general nature of enterprise but also has its own special nature. Different from natural-person enterprise, company takes a form of separation of ownership and management, in which its equity can be standardized and have high-speed flows via capital market. The separation of the rights makes company operators specialized and professional, which thus greatly enhances the production efficiency of company. The equity with high-speed flows in capital market greatly improves the efficiency of resource allocation in capital market, which thereby improves the production efficiency of whole society, with the result to improve whole social productivity. The diversification of company equity as well as the mutual checks and balances in equity structure makes a company gradually weakened in its ownership characteristics, and company is a platform for all owners to make investments, which can greatly improve the efficiency of production and operation. In this sense, the state-owned enterprises must be transformed into incorporated enterprises. Due to such transformation, the mixed ownership of enterprises comes into being. 