中国流通业的“逆向型”开放——基于历史文档的考察

Reverse Open Path of Chinese Distribution Industry ——Based on a Examination on Historical Files

中文关键词:  流通业开放  自下而上  中央—地方博弈

英文关键词:distribution industry open  bottom-up  central-local game

中文摘要:

      中国流通业从1992年试点开放到2004年全面开放,至今已有22年,其间经历波折起伏,形成了一条特殊的历史路径。通过详细的历史文档考察,结果发现,在试点开放以前,就有少数外资商业开始尝试进入中国内地市场；在试点开放以后,地方政府在流通领域的招商引资热情高涨,导致外资商业蜂拥而入。于是,中央开始全面清理和整顿违规审批的外资商业项目,但遭到地方政府的敷衍和抵制,充分展示了在流通开放问题上的中央—地方博弈过程。这场博弈最终的解在于加入WTO,中国流通业从此进入全面开放时代。中国流通开放是一种典型的自下而上的“逆向型”开放,地方政府在这一过程中起着重要的推动作用,从而在统计数据上显示出一条“N”型路径:从无到有并急剧上升→持续下降→触底反弹后再次飙升。

英文摘要:

      It has been 22 yearsfrom pilot opening of China's circulation industry in 1992 followed by full opening up in 2004. During this period, the circulation industry formed a special zigzag historicalpath. Through detailed historical documents investigation, we found that before pilotopening, there had been a small number of foreign businesses trying to enter the mainland market; and then, the local governments enthusiastically started to attract foreign businesses and investment in the circulation industry, leading to a flockof foreign businesses coming in. Therefore, the central government began to comb and rectify the illegally approved foreign projects, and encountered with perfunctory and resistance from local governments, demonstrating competition between central and local governments. The final solution of this game playlies in WTO, and since then China's circulation industry entered the era of thorough open-up. The opening of China's circulation industry is atypical bottom-up “reversetype”, with the local governments playing a driving force in this process, the statistical data showingan “N” shape path:from none to sharp rising→continuing declining→rebounding and soaring up.