中国服务业发展的政策变迁及效应评析

Evaluation on Policy Changes and their Effects in the Development of China's Service Industry

中文关键词:  服务业  政策变迁  政策效应

英文关键词:services industry  policy changes  policy effect

中文摘要:

      中国服务业的发展随着国家产业政策的变迁,先后经历了认识期、转变期、加速期和完善期的历程,呈现出政策的阶段性特征。服务业不论在产值还是就业等方面对国民经济贡献显著。然而,服务业仍表现为总体发展水平不高、结构不合理、区域发展不平衡、竞争力不强的态势。服务业发展滞后的原因,主要在于服务行业,特别是新兴现代服务业仍存在门槛高、管制多、垄断经营现象严重;对外开放、市场化、专业化程度低,以及规模小、效率差等问题。此外,片面强调优先发展工业,忽视对服务业基础设施的投入,投资结构不合理,也制约了服务业的发展。体制的改革与创新在服务业领域是必须持续关注的问题。应在现有政策基础上,通过细化服务业发展政策,协调产业发展关系,推动产业结构调整和优化升级。

英文摘要:

      Along with the vicissitude of national industrial policy,China's service industry has developed and successively experienced the course of cognition,transition,acceleration and perfection,showing a phase characteristic in policy.Service industry has a remarkable contribution to national economy either in output value or in employment.However,service industry displays the features that the overall level of development is not high,the structure is unreasonable,the regions are imbalanced in their development,and the competitive power is not strong.The reasons for the lagging development of service industry mainly lie in the service sector,especially in the new-emerging modern service industry,which has the problems such as high threshold to access,more control and limitation,serious monopolistic operation,and low degrees in opening up,marketization and specialization together with its small scale and poor efficiency.In addition,what has also restricted the service industry are: the only emphasis on giving priority to industry,the neglect of investment in the infrastructure of service sector,and the irrational investment structure.Institutional reform and innovation is still an issue that must be constantly concerned in service sector.Based on the existing policies,the policies to develop service sector should be made in further details so as to coordinate the relationship between industrial developments and promote the restructuring of industrial structure for optimizing and upgrading.