论19世纪末20世纪初美国联邦政府反垄断运动

On the Anti-Monopolization Movement of the U.S. Federal Government During the Late 19th Century and Early 20th Century

中文关键词:  联邦政府  垄断  反垄断法律  司法实践  作用

英文关键词:the U.S. federal government    monopolization    anti-monopolization laws    judicial practices    role

中文摘要:

      19世纪末20世纪初,面对垄断资本主义带来的一系列社会问题和社会矛盾,美国联邦政府相继通过一系列反垄断法律,首次进行了大规模的反垄断实践。这些反垄断法律的通过和司法实践,开创了世界上反托拉斯垄断的先河,强化了联邦政府的社会经济调控功能,从立法和司法实践上奠定了现代美国的基础,而且体现了公平与效率,在一定程度上保护了中小资产阶级和消费者的利益,缓和了由垄断引起的社会矛盾,稳定了美国资产阶级的统治,促进了美国社会的进步。

英文摘要:

      During the late 19th century and early 20th century when America faced a series of social and economic problems brought by monopolistic capitalism, the U.S. federal government adopted a series of anti-monopolization laws and for the first time carried out the large-scale judicial practices of anti-monopolization. The adoption of such laws and judicial practices advocated the anti-trust monopolization in the world, strengthened the social function of federal government in regulating and controlling the economy, laid a foundation of modern America in legislation and judicial practices, embodied justice and efficiency to protect the benefits of the moderate and petty bourgeoisie and consumers in a certain degree, mitigated the social contradictions caused by monopolization, stabilized the governance of bourgeoisie and promoted the progress of American society.